The present study examined geophagy practices of pregnant women in a gold mining area of geita. Analysis geophagy soils in kibale forest, uganda 161 rock extending eastnortheast of the ruwenzori mountains where elevations reach 5,400 m above sea level. No matter what word game youre playing, whether its scrabble or one of its nearhomogeneous counterparts like lexulous, wordfeud or words with friends, one of the easiest ways to stay on top of your opponent is knowing all of the legal twoletter words you can play. Nonetheless, geophagy continues in many traditional societies and in more modern regions where an increasing number of people are exploring geophagys protective and therapeutic effects. In tanzania, pregnant women commonly eat soil sticks sold in the market pemba, soil from walls of houses, termite mounds, and ground soil kichuguu.
Geophagismgeophagy definition of geophagismgeophagy by. From a psychiatric point of view, geophagia has been classed as a form of pica 3 a term that comes from the latin for magpie, a bird with indiscriminate eating habits. Geophagy definition of geophagy by medical dictionary. This page brings back any words that contain the word or letter you enter from a large scrabble dictionary. Although many studies have shown a correlation between mineral deficiencies and geophagy, it is difficult to. Causes of geophagy by ungulate animals in the caucasus mountains. Physiological functions such as mineral supplementation, detoxification of secondary compounds, and antacid properties are possible causes for this behavior. Geophagy, a form of pica, is the deliberate consumption of soil and is relatively common across subsaharan africa. Geophagy definition is the practice of eating earthy substances such as clay that in humans is performed especially to augment a scanty or mineraldeficient diet or as part of a cultural tradition. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. Starts with g, ends with y, five consonants, three vowels and three syllables. Youre not going to win by only playing twoletter words, but there are definitely occasions when the game could. Information about the word geophagy geophagy is an acceptable dictionary word for games like scrabble, words with friends, crossword, etc. Geophagy as practiced in the southeastern us is considered to have originated in africa.
Geophagy soil eating is a form of pica known to be practiced by pregnant women in many cultures around the globe including sub saharan africa since ancient times. Observations of termitarium geophagy by rylands baldfaced. Geophagy is the practice of eating earthy or soillike substances such as clay, and chalk. Historically, the explanation for geophagy was that animals ate earth for the purpose of gaining minerals, such as salt sodium chloride, lime calcium carbonate, copper, iron, or zinc. It is thought by many to be an adaptive behavior to rectify nutritional deficiencies particularly of micronutrient deficiencies in pregnant women 46.
Geophagy, the consumption of earth, is widespread in various animal taxa, including birds, reptiles, and mammals. Geophagy is strongly associated with iron deficiency by. This type of geophagy has been documented in many species of mammals, birds, reptiles, butterflies and isopods, especially among herbivores. Geophagy, the deliberate consumption of earth, is strongly associated with iron fe deficiency bioavailability of iron in geophagic earths and clay minerals, and their effect on dietary iron. A list of words that contain ph, and words with ph in them. Lenny comes home from football practice looking like he has been engaged in. There is a strong season ality with a wet spring and fall and dry winter and summer anon, 1959. Geophagia intentional ingestion of soilsand, clay blocks and mud is defined as a form of pica, and has been known for centuries. Word lists are in the order of the most common words and most searched. Sera young from cornell university and her fellow researchers analyzed more than 300 recorded observations of animal geophagy and nearly 500 of human geophagy instances. Assessing the function of geophagy in a malagasy rain.
Syllable counter is now available for text and documents. Geophagy article about geophagy by the free dictionary. The eating of earthy substances, such as clay or chalk, practiced among various peoples as a custom or for dietary or subsistence reasons. May 12, 2017 geophagy, or soil consumption, has been documented in diverse animal taxa, including many primates. Geophagia definition of geophagia by medical dictionary. Observations of termitarium geophagy by rylands bald. Physiological effects of geophagy soil eating with.
The main materials ingested include anthill soils and soft stone. Causes of geophagy by ungulate animals in the caucasus. Edwards sifaka propithecus edwardsi living in two forests with varying levels of disturbance within ranomafana national park, madagascar. Geophagy definition of geophagy by the free dictionary. The deliberate ingestion of soil, or geophagy, has important health benefits for chimpanzees, according to sabrina krief and her colleagues from the museum national d histoire naturelle in paris, france. Publication date 1930 topics pica pathology publisher chicago.
Geophagy sounds like a dirty word but it is the least expensive multivitamin known to man. Ive heard that some are using particular clay varieties to treat systemic cases of candida or crohns. Lenny comes home from football practice looking like he has been engaged in geophagy. Standard procedures for sampling soils article pdf available in journal of chemical ecology 297. This article is within the scope of wikiproject food and drink, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of food and drink related articles on wikipedia. Human geophagia may be related to pica, an eating disorder in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders characterized by abnormal cravings for nonnutritive items. Just a few weeks ago, a metaanalysis on geophagy research was published that goes a long way in honing in on the sense behind the practice. The habit is still found among many contemporary indigenous peoples, including the aboriginal people of australia and the traditional peoples of east africa and china. Geophagy, or soil consumption, has been documented in diverse animal taxa, including many primates. The prevalence of geophagy during pregnancy was 31. The use of such words demonstrates a misunderstanding of geophagy.
Geophagismgeophagy definition of geophagismgeophagy by the. Geophagy is extremely widespread in the animal kingdom. The present study examined geophagy practices of pregnant women in a gold mining area of geita district in northwestern tanzania. Introduction geophagy,orthepracticeofconsciouslyconsumingclayor dirt,hasbeenascientificcuriosityreportedforoverfourteen centuriesasaetiusinthesixthcenturya. The eating of earthy substances, such as clay or chalk, practiced. This ignorance of geophagy is not restricted to the layperson, because academic writers have used adjectives such as curious, odd, perverted, and strange when commenting on human geophagy. It occurs in nonhuman animals where it may be a normal or abnormal behaviour, and also in humans, most often in rural or preindustrial societies among children and pregnant women 33 human geophagia may be. Analysis of geophagy soils in kibale forest, uganda. The distribution of geophagy in africa shows the practice to be ubiquitous but not universal, since it is virtually absent from large areas sahara. It occurs in nonhuman animals where it may be a normal or abnormal behaviour, and also in humans, most often in rural or preindustrial societies among children and pregnant women. Seen in individuals with mental retardation, young children and occasionally pregnant women.
From different viewpoints it has been regarded as a psychiatric disease, a culturally sanctioned practice or a sequel to poverty and famine. Geophagy is a 8 letter word, used as a noun, and has the letters aegghopy aeghopy. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In its diagnostic and statistical manual, the american psychiatric association defines pica as persistent eating of nonnutritive substances that is inappropriate to developmental level. Theophagy definition is the sacramental eating of a god typically in the form of an animal, image, or other symbol as a part of a religious ritual and commonly for the purpose of communion with or the receiving of power from the god.
The consumption of finetextured soils by birds and other vertebrate has often been linked to a need for animals to supplement diets that are deficient in certain mineral elements jones and hanson, 1985. Seen in individuals with mental retardation, young children and. Galen, the greek philosopher and physician, was the first to record the use of clay by sick or injured animals in the second century ad. Geophagy is far more common in animals that rely predominantly on plant food and is more common in the tropics. This study tests the most frequently proposed hypotheses for geophagy using data collected on the geophagic behavior of the milne.
Geophagy is a form of pica characterized by craving and eating of soil. Searching two syllable words with qu in the middle, ab in the center,etc. Geophagy is a traditional practice of eating clay or dirt which actually does provide nutrients to the body. Theophagy definition of theophagy by merriamwebster. Geophagy may be initially driven by a deficit in the diet but then also leads to the binding of nutrients in the gut, which then exacerbates the deficiencies of the geophagists and reinforces the behavior 2326.
Geophagy is strongly associated with iron deficiency by pdf. Mean annual rainfall near the site is about 140 cm. But many people find it more difficult to accept that humans can deliberately eat soil. Pregnant women reporting geophagy were more likely to be anaemic aor 1.
Field data were collected from december 2002 to november 2003, during. Information and translations of geophagy in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Geophagy the consumption of soil, groundup rock, termite mound earth, clay, and dirtis extremely common in mammals, birds, reptiles, and invertebrates. Geophagia, also known as geophagy, is the practice of eating earth or soillike substrates such as clay or chalk. It exists in animals in the wild and also in humans, most often in rural or preindustrial societies among children and pregnant women. The most frequently consumed soils are generally rich in clay, and the qualities of clay appear to be the stimulus for geophagy. Geophagy and the involuntary ingestion of soil springerlink. Sodium is the most common mineral cited as a stimulus for geophagy among all herbivorous animals holdo et al. How to score big with simple 2letter words in scrabble.
Geophagy practices and the content of chemical elements in. Start this article has been rated as startclass on the projects quality scale. Geophagy definition is the practice of eating earthy substances such as clay that in humans is performed especially to augment a scanty or mineraldeficient diet. Animals such as birds have been observed eating clay in various parts of the world. Geophagy definition, the practice of eating earthy matter, especially clay or chalk, as in faminestricken areas. We also have lists of words that end with ph, and words that start with ph. Consequences of prenatal geophagy for maternal prenatal.
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